This is third article of the series of Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms. You can access other articles HERE.

For detailed information of the any topic you can refer to book Foundation of Computing, by P.K. Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Terms Related to Multimedia:

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group.

MPEG: Motion Pictures Experts Group.

CAD: Computer Aided Design.

NTSC: National Television Systems Committee.

HD-MAC: High Definition Multiple Analogue Component.

SECAM: Sequential Couleur Avec Memorie.

MIDI: Musical Instruments Digital Interface.

HDTV: High Definition Television.

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.

PAL: Phase Alternating Line.

OCR: Optical Character Recognition.

MUSE: Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding.

VGA: Video Graphic Array.

Terms Related To Internet and Computer Networks:

PPP: Point to Point Protocol.

HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol.

SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language.

HTML: HyperText Markup Language.

XML: Extensible Markup Language.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator.

WWW: World Wide Web.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol.

ISP: Internet Sevice Provider.

SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol.

FEP: Front End Processor.

LAN: Local Area Network.

WAN: Wide Area Network.

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network.

AM: Amplitude Modulation.

FM: Frequency Modulation.

PM: Phase Modulation.

PSTN: Pubilc Switched Telephone Network.

CSCW: Computer Supported Co-Operative Working.

DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation.

FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing.

TDM: Time Division Multiplexing.

OSI: Open System Interconnection.

ARPANET: Advance Research Project Agency Net.

SNA: System Network Architecture.

References:

“Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Related Topics and Articles:

1. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-V
2. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-IV
3. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-I

VRML:

VRML is Virtual Reality Modeling Language. There are many industrial applications of VRML. Some of them are mentioned here.

VRML in Manufacturing:

Various systems like Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) are widely integrated by the industries. VRML is used in the industry in Design Phase, Prototype Making, Prototype Simulation, Testing, Visualization, Manufacturing and every other possible aspects.

For integration of the VRML in the Manufacturing, 3D format of the workstation is created. Various applications and simulations are made with the help of this 3D space. The interaction of the Human user can also be checked by this method. This process can be called as the Facility Layout for the Manufacturing Environment.

Manufacturing Operations:

For application of VRML in Manufacturing Process various manufacturing operations are needed to be identified. The manufacturing process are then combined by the combination of these operations. The various manufacturing operations includes, Loading and unloading of workpiece, Movement (of jaw, tool, workpiece etc.), storing, Process like drilling, reaming, turning etc. dependent upon the design of the object to be created.

Other Important Application of VRML:

• Material Processers
• Material Transporters
• Material Handlers
• Manufacturing Objects
• Manufacturing Model Numbers
• Manufacturing Type
• Material Loaded
• Availability
• Location
• Static and Dynamic Manufacturing Objects
• Interaction Between The Manufacturing Objects

Practical Examples of VRML:

1. Engineering can give the example of VRML as in the 3D visualization of the various processes, their combination.
2. For presentation of the Real Looking Models to Conferences and to convey the Engineering ideas to the non-technical people.
3. Sharing the vital information on the Internet.
4. Helpful in the complicated Aerospace Models.
5. Educational purpose as VRML can be easily and widely shared on internet.
6. When integrated with Java and JavaScript the operator can operate and practice the virtual machine before working on the exactly similar actual machine.

Suggested References:

1. ASME Magazine Vol.119/No.3, BPA International, March 1997.
2. Kian-Huat Tan and Tze-Leong Yew, Understanding Machine Operations and Manufacturing Using VRML, 1999.

Related Topics and Articles:

1. Virtual Reality Modeling Language-VRML

Introduction:

The need of computers is increasing continuously in all the fields, so as in the Educational Processes too. There is no doubt that internet will be the main source of knowledge in the future. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is the tool that has high potential to be used on the internet. It can give the user freedom to view the model or module from various angles or views within the web browser. VRML also allows the various Animations, Sounds Integration and Multimedia Involvement.

Scope of VRML:

Here, I have discussed various applications of VRML and its integration in the Education and Education of Manufacturing Processes also the internet use of them. Various branches of engineering like Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Production Engineering, Civil Engineering are undoubtedly going to have the compulsory study of subjects like Manufacturing Processes and Engineering Design Graphics. VRML performs the great application in this part of education and many more. VRML have great potentials to become future part of supplementary education system.

Internet and Computing:

In short internet is the Network of the various computers worldwide. Various different computers like Home, Colleges, Defense, Universities, Laboratories and so many other connect to this as user. World Wide Web is the graphical user interface of the internet which we access through the web browser. And, now a day, no Engineering Education is away from its influence.

The data transmitted on the internet is dependent on the Bandwidth of the internet connection. The visualization of the 3D models or 3D views on the internet is easy for small files but becomes dramatically complex as the complexity of the model grows. It requires high end computers and no doubt higher bandwidth.

In addition to model complexity there is another challenge on internet and that is modification of 3D model on internet. This modification can be easily made on the internet by using VRML and with least penalty of modeling time.

VRML:

There are many applications of VRML. VRML is the one of the best methods of the presenting the 3D models for Engineering Education. VRML have great versatility for the various functions like Animations, other web and multimedia related applications. VRML have independent file format and it can be access on the various Systems like Windows, Macintosh, Unix etc by making use of the VRML Player. Hence, it becomes lesser complex than any other CAD program when publishing on internet.

VRML applications are built in the 3 Dimensional Space and uses polygon structures to build the object. VRML also allows the room for the features like Scaling, Rotation, Translation, Transformation etc.

VRML can be used as the Language for moving, using or navigation of the 3D space.

Related Topics and Articles:

1. Applications of VRML
2. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-III