In previous article Emission Control Device and Measures-I, we have seen Catalytic Converter and Exhaust Gas Recirculation methods to control the emissions. Here I am going to present some other emission control measures which are quite uncommon.
1. Plasma Exhaust Treatment:
Non-thermal plasma technologies are being developed to reduce NOx emissions from gasoline and diesel exhaust. Since oxidation reactions dominate during plasma discharges in lean exhaust, the plasma alone is ineffective in reducing NOx. Combined plasma-catalyst systems, however, have been shown to enhance the catalyst selectivity and NOx removal efficiency. Non-thermal plasma reactors can be also designed as diesel particulate matter reducing devices. Plasma technologies still require a significant improvement in their consumption of electrical energy and in other areas.
2. Ammonia Injection:
As a fuel, ammonia does not hold much promise, but if used as an exhaust additives it can give excellent control for NOx emission . Ammonia and nitric oxide interact to form nitrogen and water. Ford motor co. has been doing investigation with injecting ammonia water in the exhaust manifold, downstream from the port. For an effective utilization of ammonia injection, the exhaust gas temperature has to be kept within strict limits and the injecting device has to be put sufficiently down to bring the gas temperature to 165ºc.This also demands a very close tolerance in air fuel ratio supplied by the carburettor . The present carburettors are incapable of this and it might be necessary to adopt electronic injection system to keep close control over fuel-air ratios.
3. Electronic Injection:
It is possible to develop an electronic injection system with sensors for air temperature,manifold pressure and speed which will precisely regulate the fuel supply giving only such air-fuel ratio as will give no HC or CO emissions. The emissions on deceleration can be completely removed by shutting off the fuel supply when the throttle is closed.But this system will still not be able to control the NOx emission .Combination of electronic injection and ammonia as an exhaust additives has an attractive future .
4. Using Alternative Fuels:
This is different and creative way of reducing emissions. If we have problem with petrol and diesel combustion, then why use them? Use something else which does not make that kinda pollution. This theme seems to be simple. But, finding out alternate fuel and designing machines according to them is quite unusual task. But, using alternate fuel is good idea.
Biodiesel is oxigenated fuel. So, it reduces the problem of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons and it boosts up the NOX. Similarly, different results are obtained by using CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) or LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). Some properties are desirable and some are vice versa.
That’s All About Emissions.
For More Information check below
[1] Emission Control In Petrol Engine.
[2] Emission Control In Diesel Engine.
[3] Exhaust Gas Recirculation.
Kiran Pagar - Founder of Engiblogger. I get fascinated with Technology advances in world. I love to study and work with those technologies. I am Mechanical Engineer, my main interests are Animation, Software Development and Blogging. 
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