Emission Control in C.I.Engine

C.I.Engine:

Compression Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine) are the one which fires up due to compression phenomena and they use diesel instead of Gasoline. In previous article, emission control in S.I.Engine we studied the various emissions from S.I.Engine and their control measures. Now, here we will see for emission control in Diesel engines.

As main energy source is getting replaced from original gasoline we here can get lot different results for power output of engine.

Various Emission Products of C.I.Engine:

1. Visible Products:

1. Smoke.
2. Metallic Particulates.

2. Invisible Products:

1. Carbon Monoxide. (CO).
2. Sulphur Di Oxide (SO2).
3. Unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC).
4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX).

Methods for Emission Control in C.I.Engine:

1. Water in Diesel Combustion:

This sound somewhat weird. But as we know that NOX formation increases as the temperature increases. So, to reduce the combustion temperature, water presence may become helpful.

2. Ceramic in Cylinder Coating:

Zirconia based ceramic combustion chamber coatings originally developed for adiabatic or low heat rejection engines have been shown to reduce diesel emissions. Reported results indicate that in-cylinder zirconia coatings are capable of reducing the carbonaceous fraction of diesel particulates without increasing NOx or other regulated emissions. Reductions in total PM emissions may be achieved by combining zirconia coatings with diesel oxidation catalysts. In-cylinder coatings are most effective in reducing emissions from older technology engines of relatively low thermal efficiency.

3. Low Emission Engine Designs:

Changes in diesel engine design contributed to some 10-fold decrease in emissions over the period from the late 1980’s to early 2000’s. The most important of these engine technologies are advanced fuel injection systems, air intake improvements, combustion chamber modifications, and electronic engine control. Additionally, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was introduced on both light- and heavy-duty diesel engines to control NO_x emissions. Low emission engine design—combined with increased exhaust gas after treatment—will continue to play important role in future diesel engines.

4. Advances in Technology:

Technology always finds answer to problems. New and developed Fuel Injection and Fuel Combustion techniques are very effective in the emission control activities.

5. Better Air Induction:

Emerging air induction technology options for meeting future emission standards include improved air charging strategies, through the use of electric superchargers, charge air cooling, optimized intake manifolds and intake ports, and variable valve actuation

So, these are the various ways to control the emissions from Diesel Engine.