Ultrasonic Distance Sensing

Introduction:

In previous article, we studied the Ultrasonic Level Sensors and its details. Now, I am going to explain the another ultrasonic device which works almost similar way to before. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor.

Ultrasonic Distance Sensing:

Ultrasonic Sensors are devices used to take measurements of Remote Distances or we call it as remote distance sensing. Ultrasonic sensing is based on time of flight principle. The transmitter produces the ultrasonic sound or burst or noise, which travels away from source and it enconters the barriers it gets reflected back. Then it is received by receiver.

Whole important topic here is Time Between Wave Produced and Wave Received. This time is used to calculate the distance between the ultrasonic device and obstruction. Other some constants like speed of ultrasonic sound in the air, humidity etc. are major factors in this calculation. If there is a relative movement between the source and the reflector, Doppler Effect can be employed to measure the distance.

Principle of Working of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor:

Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to radar or SONAR which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.

Formula For Ultrasonic Device Measurement:

d=(vt cos ?)/2

where;

d = Final distance,

t= time,

? = angle of incidence,

Advantages:

1. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices are more efficient.
2. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices produce reliable accuracy.
3. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have robust construction and have long life of operation.
4. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have better accuracy than the other remote distance measuring devices.
5. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices produce results faster than other devices.
6. Most important thing about Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices is that, they can produce result without interfering the object.

Disadvantages:

1. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have limitations when there is density of matter or medium is not consistant.
2. Also the reading may get distorted due to shapes of solids to be measured as reflection of ultrasonic wave is mostly dependent on shape of solid object which is treated as obstruction.

Applications:

Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have many applications of which most popular are SONAR, Submarine Signaling, robotics etc.

Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices as Electronics Seminar Topics:

Ultrasonic Distance measurement seminar must contain following things.

1. Ultrasonic Sound Introduction.
2. Ultrasonic Devices.
3. Construction and working of Ultrasonic Device.
4. Principle of working.
5. Advantages.
6. Limitations.
7. Applications.