If you ask me, ELECTRICITY, is best form energy. It is clean, can transfer over long distances very easily and many appliances can look towards same SWITCH BOARD for getting power.

But making this electricity is real mess. Major part of electricity is provided from Conventional Energy Sources like Thermoelectric and Nuclear Power Plants. They consume the valuable fossil fuels like Petroleum Oil, Coal and Nuclear fuels.

The problem with these fuels is

• They are Limited and getting consumed at very hard rate.
• They are Expensive and getting more and more expensive each day.
• They are causing heavy harm to our environment.

And now the time to do something. We must do something for Saving this Lovely Environment.

Tips For Saving Electricity At Home:

1. Keep lights, fans and other electric appliances OFF when not in use. Make a habit of putting things OFF when not using them.
2. Just don’t put things like fan OFF when you are leaving room for 1 min or few seconds. Because, when you come back, you will hit ON button again. That will cause even more electricity for speeding up.
3. Keep your electric appliances clean and smooth. e.g. clean the tubes and oil the fan. This can save some power also it can make your things work longer and safer.
4. Get professional assistance when you install Air Conditioner for your house. Placing of condenser can improve the performance of your air conditioner.
5. One thing I observed about fan is important. If ceiling is at higher height then we must increase the length of the rod of the fan. This can be a factor for saving electricity. Just make sure that don’t take it so down that somebody will get hurt their hand or something by meeting fan blades.
6. Choose the appliances that are better than peers in saving electricity. Check out energy star rating. Look out web for reviews of the appliances you wish to buy.
7. Plan your home well or get some good architect’s assistance so as to use natural light and air to its full extent.
8. If you can afford, please look out for Solar Appliances and similar. This can make good difference.
9. Somewhere over web I read this one, Shut your electric appliances OFF for half an hour each day, definitely, when not using it.
10. Teach others to save electric power from your example. Don’t do it for money. Do it for this lovely environment. For sparrows, birds and wildlife. For your loved one’s.
11. No mobile loves whole night charging. Always charge your mobile for the time it needs. Keeping charging overnight is no benefit but reduces the life of battery and also the battery life. Here you can follow the way my father uses. He gets up early in the morning. And plug his mobile for charging and then go for exercise. Until he finishes the exercise, the mobile is also charged and ready to work.
12. Please put OFF the Switch when you have done your charging. There is no point in keeping your laptop or mobile charger plugged and switch ON. This is crap way of wasting such a marvelous power. Here is story, a relative of mine kept laptop charger plugged in and ON overnight. In the morning, charger was useless. Not for electricity but for your charger’s sake plug it OFF.
13. Follow my way for laptop charging. I plug in when battery life remained is 15% and plug off when it meets the 100%. This is not only for electricity but also will be good for making your laptop battery live longer.
14. Make sure your AC ducts are properly insulated and air is not leaking at undesirable spots.
15. Keep some space on condenser side of refrigerator. If possible keep the condenser piping clean.
16. If you use computers a lot, consider switching from Monitor to LCD or TFT or LED screens. I have heard that LED is most efficient these days.
17. Producing white colors on screens is more energy consuming than black. You can save electricity and also your eyes by using dark color for background and faint color for text. To change your color preferences in Firefox, go to Tools -> Options -> Content -> Fonts and Colors -> Colors. Choose optimum colors for you.
18. Don’t put hot things into refrigerator. Pure energy loss I can see there.
19. Watch TV less. Read instead. And, don’t use that damn remote to put it off. Use Switch.
20. I always loved dim light. Using dimmer is good idea. Because in this way you can set the intensity only to the level you want. Also, it looks pleasant.

Tips For Saving Electricity At Office:

1. Make use of stairs as long as it is possible. We all know the added advantage, it is good for health.
2. Use LED or LCD screens instead of monitors.
3. Shut the computer down in evening when you are going home and obviously it will not be in any use. Also this applies for your Printer, Scanner, Xerox and other.
4. Design your office to use natural light as more as possible. Using white curtains is helpful I guess.
5. Set the AC according to the load of refrigeration. Turn the AC off in evening when not a lot of people are there in office.
6. Use split AC than window air conditioner.
7. 20 degree Celsius is pretty fine. No need to set AC for lower than 20.
8. Go Solar and Wind.
9. Get efficiently designed lifts. Not mere physically but also with Smart Software.
10. Also, you can use smart system of lights. Like one I seen, when lift is empty and not used for some long time lights in lift get OFF automatically. And when they open for you, lights get ON again.
11. Educate people. Nothing can happen without their positive consent. They must do it for making this environment live one day more and not for saving the electric bill of your office. (Because, nobody will do it for saving electric bill of office!)

So, this list can be and must be grow a lot longer.

And, I really, THANK YOU and CONGRATULATE you for reading this article.

Just keep in mind, Small decisions we make, every light we turn off, the ounce of electricity we save, is going to make this world a better place for living.

Please share this article with your friends.

Thank You Very Much!

Related posts:

1. Save Electricity-Quick Tips

RedTacton Technology

RedTacton is new networking technology. Unlike other networking technologies like LAN, WAN, Bluetooth, Infrared it does not use cables or former media of networking. It directly uses surface of the human body as high speed network path. The connection starts when human body comes in contact with RedTacton transmitter and ends as well when physical contact ends.

About NTT Corporation and RedTacton:

NTT is Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation based in Japan. They claim that they have developed First Viable Human Area Network can be called as HAN.

How RedTacton Impact Our Digital Life – An Idea:

This is simple idea of Red Tacton working.

1. You can just hold your MP3 player in pocket, or hands free phone in hand and wireless headphones in ear. You don’t have to carry any cords n wires.
2. Digital camera is hanging around your neck and you can transfer pictures into your laptop or PC just by touching it.
3. Just handshake with people and RedTacton will exchange the business cards.

How Red Tacton Works – Working of RedTacton Technology:

RedTacton needs a Transmitter and Receiver for proper functioning.

1. Transmitter induces the weak electric field on the human body.
2. Most of the electric impulse is passed to earth but still there exist weak electric field which can be identified as change or signal for receiver.
3. RedTacton receiver contains the electro-crystal. This crystal is most important part that decodes the signal. Due to change in the weak electric field, properties of this crystal changes.
4. These minute changes are read by using LASER. This signal is then modulated into usable format.

This is schematic working of RedTacton technology.

Some Bullet Points About RedTacton Technology:

• Data transfer speeds up to 10 Mbps (Mega Bits Per Second) can be achieved.
• Clothing etc. is not a problem. Direct human body contact is not necessity.
• Not just one to one connection. Many bodies and many connections at one time possible.
• Human body is not only need. Any material can be used provided material is conductive and dielectric.

Some Disadvantages of RedTacton, Rather I Say, Limitations:

• No matter how small it is, electric impulse induced directly into body can be dangerous to the people with medical problems as well the normal one.
• It may trigger heart attack or stroke in some cases, so potentially dangerous for some people.
• People will have phobic reaction about this as it directly induces electric signal into body, so how much it will be successful, is also matter of psychology.
• Apart from good uses and intentions, someone like hacker, cracker can introduce some virus into your devices also he may steal your data or even identity.

Future Of RedTacton:

RedTacton has good potential for producing the life changing products that will enhance the human area network. We are looking at NTT for more development towards RedTacton’s better future.

Best References and More Information on RedTacton:

RedTacton

RedTacton – On Wikipedia

Thank You.

Really, thank you for reading. Feeling like sharing something! You can comment below or mail me. I would love to hear from you. For getting more updates on this technology and even many more of them you can subscribe to Engiblogger.

No related posts.

Few years before technology was not that advanced and things were limited. People were not having sources of enjoyment, communication and skills updates. In early period of electronics, normal TV and broadcasting radios were the barely devices the standard people came in touch with. Not many alternates were available among those who did job with martial electronic devices and applications like radar, or in extremely technical engineering and medicinal sectors. At present, customers will consume near 200 billion dollars every year on individual electronic gadgets.

In last few years everything is changed and today technology is advanced. Things are available for everybody and the best example of such technology change is camera phones. Today lots of companies are developing devices which can be used to click photos, communicate others and Internet usage. These all features are now available on camera phones. Definitely we are going to see money other changes in our phone in coming time.

Selecting a best camera phone is not quite easy task as there are many companies developing phones with camera and other features. In coming time video conferencing will also become the basic need and keeping such thing in mind manufacturers did changes in their device. They enabled the video conferencing feature in their phones and also provided PC security software for phones and computers. This security software protects your computerized phone from virus and other issues like hacking. And it can be detailed in hacking tips . At present Sony Ericsson Satio is the device available with all such features. It has many other features as well which user will be able to use in future. This is the device having video conferencing, best camera, PC security software, long battery backup, WI-Fi and many other features. Next phone comes into the series is Samsung Memoir T929. This phone is also having similar features but its battery life is less then Sony phone. This device is available with 8 Mega Pixel Camera which give the excellent picture all time.

There are lots of software’s allowing protection to our computer and mobile phone. PC Security software is one of them. This package allows the user to work smoothly with computer without any infection of virus. If your multimedia phone is affected with different types of viruses then your system also can get infected. If you connect your mobile to system it will transfer the virus from mobile to system and vice-versa. To keep your system and mobile clean from virus you can use PC Security software. This software becomes the necessity where the system is connected to Internet. Internet is broad area and the easiest way to affect the system with virus. This software will help in such condition and protect your system completely. You can get the trail version of software and test the features.

Not only these, there are many other companies developing phones with such features. Those who are buying this phone can collect the report through available forums sites. These forums contain the reviews about the product and these reviews are always helpful to find the best product.

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2. Mobile Viruses and Security
3. Consumermate.com Updates Arsenal with Digital Cameras and Camcorders

Here we are talking about sensors used in the Robotics. As we know that robotics uses the sensors to its maximum limits, various types of sensors are used for various purposes in various application in various locations.

Classification of Sensors Used In Robotics Based On Physical Input Quantity:

1. Tactile sensor.
2. Proximity Sensors.
3. Range sensors.
4. Navigation sensors.
5. Vision sensors.
6. Miscellaneous sensors.

1. Tactile Sensors:

Tactile sensors are devices which indicate contact between themselves and some other solid object-in this case, an obstacle. This kind of sensors can be subdivided into two more sutypes:

• Touch Sensors:

They are used to indicate that contact has been made between two objects without regard to the magnitude of the contraction force. A binary output signal indicates whether or not a contact has been made with the object.

Ex:- limit switches, micro switches etc.

• Force Sensors:

They are also called as stress sensors. They not only indicate that the contact has been made but also the magnitude of the contact force between the two objects.

The capacity to measure forces permits the robot to perform a number of tasks. These include the capability to grasp parts of different sizes in material handling, machine loading and assembly work, applying the appropriate level of force for the given part. In assembly applications, force sensing could be used to determine if screws have become cross-headed or if parts are jammed.

2. Proximity Sensors:

Proximity sensors are devices that indicate when an object is close to other. How close the object must be in order to activate the sensor depends upon the particular device. The distances can be anywhere from few millimeters to several feet.

Proximity sensors can be used to detect the presence or absence of a work part or object. Another important application is sensing human beings in the robot work cell. Range sensors will determine the location of an object (work part) in relation to the robot.

Ex:- optical proximity sensors, acoustical sensors, magnetic field proximity sensors.

3. Range Sensors:

This is type of sensors which can be considered very near to proximity sensors. Range sensors measure the distance between the object and the sensor. These sensors are located on the wrist or end-effecter as these are the moving parts of the robot.

4. Navigation Sensors:

As name navigation indicates, this is kind of sensors which can be used for estimate positioning of objects. This kind of sensors can be classified in two main subclasses.

• Relative Positioning Measurement:

They measure the signal within the robot itself. They can be again subdivided into:

• Proprioaptive sensor.
• Inertial navigation systems – Gyroscopes and Accelerometers.
• Odeometry.

• Absolute Positioning Measurement:

As name absolute, this sensors take measurements from some kind of fixed or universally fixed datum. Types Under This kind of sensors is:

• Magnetic Compasses.
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS).
• Active Beacons – triangulation.
• Landmark Navigation.
• Model Matching – Map matching.

5. Vision Sensors:

Machine vision is concerned with sensing of machine vision and its interpretation by a computer. The typical vision system consists of the C.C.D. camera and digitizing hardware, a digital computer and software necessary to interface them. This interface hardware and software is after referred to as a preprocesser. The operation of the vision system consists of 3 functions :

a) Sensing and digitizing data.

b) Image processing and analysis

c) Application

For object recognition, along with processing, robot programming is also necessary.

6. Miscellaneous Sensors:

This category covers the remaining types of sensors and transducers that might be used for interlocks and other purpose.

This category includes devices with the capability to sense variables such as temperature, pressure, fluid flow, velocity and electrical properties. Hence this category includes sensors and transducers like tachometers. LVDT, Pr gauges etc.

Related posts:

1. Ultrasonic Distance Sensing
2. Autonomous Mobile Robots Overview

What is Coating?

The covering or spreading of a layer of a material on the component surface is called coating. Since every object expected to meet Variety of specification which could be conflicting with each other. To overcome this problem coating is utilized.

Various Methods of Coating or Coating Deposition:

• Spray Deposition Process.
• Chemical Vapour Deposition Process.
• Physical Vapour Deposition Process.

Here, in this topic we will see Physical Vapour Deposition Process.

PVD:

PVD stands for Physical Vapour Deposition. This method utilizes vacuum technology. PVD is the technology of using physical way to coat materials on to the substrates in the condition of vacuum.

PVD Process Description:

Above figure explains the PVD coating method in brief. Initial and final phase is called as condensed phase and final phase is achieved through the series of phases and process like, gaseous, evaporation and condensation respectively.

Electron Beam Physical Vapour Deposition:

Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition is also called as EB PVD process. EB-PVD is a derivative of the electron beam melting technique.

EB-PVD is a form of PVD in which a target anode is bombarded with an electron beam given off by a electron gun under high vacuum.

EB-PVD offers high flexibility in depositing ceramic and metallic.
EBPVD is a relatively new material coating method that produces good results. It is particularly useful in thermal barrier coatings in aircraft turbine blades and in protective coatings on cutting tools.
The increased deposition rates and variety of materials and techniques of the EBPVD process provide an opportunity to broaden the application of this technology into the marketplaces.

Advantages of EB-PVD:

1. The deposition rate in this process can be as low as 1 nm per minute to as high as few micrometers per minute.
2. The deposit has a columnar grains structure.
3. Smooth surface, better interaction with the substrate.
4. The EB-PVD process offers extensive possibilities for controlling variations in the structure.
5. Relatively high deposition rates.

Applications of EB-PVD Coating:

EB-PVD coating have two kinds of major applications which are 1. Decorative Coating. and 2. Tool Coating.

Decorative Coating Applications:

1. For decorative application ,gold is deposited after depositing TIN.
2. The system has also been used for coating of telescopic mirrors.

Applications of PVD in Turbine Industry:

1. To improve life or work temperature of blades.They are coated by the use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) over metallic substrate.
2. TBC is the thermal insulator.
3. Zirconia is used as ceramic layer.
4. Tablets of an alloy of Ni, Cr and Al are evaporated using the energy of an electron beam and then condensed on the substrate.

Applications in Machine Tool and Forging Die Industries:

1. Metallic carbides, nitrides, and oxides have long been known to be very hard, wear resistant materials.
2. Applying these hard coatings to tool steels and tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting inserts can increase the tool life by high percent.

Limitations of Physical Vapour Deposition Coating:

1. The process is expensive.
2. Possible to coat only outer surface of complex geometries.
3. At present the process is dependent on highly trained users.
4. Filament degradation in the electron gun.

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Introduction to Mobile Robots:

Robotics is very speedily growing and widely used branch of engineering. It have very large set of applications around, like in automobiles industry, electronics, computer industries, mechanical industries etc.

Now, we will move towards robots. Man is successful in creating the stationary robot and making its use for various applications. For example, robotic arm. Robotic arm is used in the automobile industries and electronics industries for automation purpose. These arms are very skilled in their work and perform the task in almost ideal time. Moreover, their operating cost is much less than the skilled human worker.

However, the main limitation of a robotic arm type stationary robots is that, it has to operate only in a defined area. Mobile robots are next to stationary robotic arms.

Mobile Robots/ Movable Robots:

As discussed before, mobile robot is movable, so it is necessary to have some locomotion system in it. Up till now, wheels and tracks are best options. Now a days, robots designers are looking towards newer ways of locomotion due to complexity in the operation of robot task. These ways includes, designing the robot having legs. Such robots have wider adaptation with working environment. Legged robots have necessary applications in the Defense and Aerospace Applications (Like NASA Projects). As stable robots start moving around in the uneven field, new problem arise which regard to the balancing of robot. This needs the installation of Leveling Mechanism in it.

Controlling The Mobile Robots:

No doubt, that to make robot work smarter and smarter designer have to install a wide types of sensors in it like distance sensors, level sensors, weight sensors etc. These sensors have the whole responsibility that the device will work as per design or not.

Mobile robots can be completely or partially controlled by the remote control devices. These devices communicates with robots through infrared or some similar medias. If area of working of robots is quite defined then direct wires could be used. But this limits the robot working area.

Again, robots can be autonomously controlled too. This is achieved by providing the program which pre-defines the robot task through program. Autonomous robots can act on their own, independent of any controller. The basic idea is to program the robot to respond to a certain way to outside stimuli.

General Applications of Mobile Robots:

Simple robots are used in homes and offices e.g. land moving robots whereas advanced autonomous robots like rover are used in space exploration. Micro robots are used for defense purposes and navigation. Mobile robots with stable legs will an important step in building stable humanoids.

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Ultrasonic Sensor-Electronics Seminar Topic:

Seminar on Ultrasonic Devices need Following Things.

• What is Sensor?
• Ultrasonic Waves?
• Properties.
• Principle and Working of Ultrasonic Devices.
• Applications.
• Explanation of some applications.

Some applications of Ultrasonics are as Below:

1. Ultrasonic Level Sensor.
2. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor.
3. Ultrasonic Flow Meters.

Sensors:

Sensor is Transducer Device which can sense the change in Pressure, Temperature etc. physical Quantities and turn them into readable digital or analogue quantity. Sensors are responsible for making simple devices and machines into SMART DEVICES or Machines.

What are Ultrasonic Waves?

Now, we discuss about Ultrasonic Devices. Here are some of major properties of Ultrasonic Waves.

1. First of all, Ultrasonic Waves are not the Electromagnetic Waves. They are mechanical waves.
2. As being the mechanical waves, they need medium for their propagation.
3. Their frequency is > 20kHz.
4. As high frequency, wavelength is ought to be small.
5. High penetrative properties.

Ultrasonic Sensors:

Ultrasonic Sensors generates high frequency sound waves and evaluates the echo which is received back by the sensor. They typically comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer which transforms electrical energy into sound and, in reverse, sound into electrical energy. An ultrasonic transducer consists of a transmitter, a receiver & a processing unit. It generates frequency range of 30kHz-100kHz.

Principle of Working For Ultrasonic Sensor:

1. Transducer typically have a piezoelectric ceramic element (material) that converts an excitation electrical signal into ultrasonic energy bursts or vibrations at very high frequency.
2. Conversely, generates voltage whenever subjected to vibrations.
3. Piezoelectric ceramic element such as lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) having operating frequency close to 32kHz.

Applications:

1. Detecting and identifying solid objects.
2. Measuring the shape and orientation of a work-piece.
3. Distance measurement.
4. Room surveillance.
5. Flow measurement.
6. Level measurement of a tank.

Related posts:

1. Ultrasonic Distance Sensing
2. Ultrasonic Level Sensor
3. Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Ultrasonic Flowmeters:

Already we have seen some of the ultrasonic devices before like Ultrasonic Level Sensor and Ultrasonic Distance Sensing. Now, I am going to explain one more ultrasonic device here. Ultrasonic Flow-meters are used to detect the speed of flow or subsequently quantity passed through the flow in given time.

Types of Ultrasonic Flowmeter:

1. Transit Time Type.
2. Doppler Frequency Shift Type.

1. Transit Time Type Ultrasonic Flowmeters:

In this type, two sensors are mounted on the pipe or channel. They send and receive the ultrasonic pulses simultaneously. When the speed of flow is zero or flow is steady, both the sensors receive the reflected pulses at the same time. Vice versa, when the fluid is in motion, sensors receive the pulse with delay between them. This delay is called as transit time difference. This transit time difference is directly proportional to velocity of flow and hence the volume of flow per unit time.

2. Doppler Frequency Shift Method:

Doppler effect could be explained as the frequencies of received sound waves depends on the motion of the source or observer relative to the propagating medium. The transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. These are reflected from particles and bubbles. Frequency shifting takes place in reflected wave which is linearly proportional to the rate of flow of materials.

Advantages:

1. The flow of pure water, wash water, sewage, process liquids, oils, and other light homogeneous liquids can be measured.
2. It have no moving parts and hence have very less or no maintenance.
3. Can be used for variety of pipes.
4. It have flexibility to be used on existing pipelines.
5. It can be used as a portable device.
6. It does not have any contact with liquid and hence no danger from corrosive liquids.

Seminar on Ultrasonic Flow meter:

Above is given the information about ultrasonic flow meters. Here are short framework for seminar on ultrasonic flowmeter.

1. Introduction to Ultrasonics.
2. Ultrasonics Properties.
3. Ultrasonic Flowmeter.
4. Construction and working.
5. Types.
6. Transit time type.
7. Doppler Frequency Shift Method.
8. Advantages.
9. Limitations.
10. Applications.

Related posts:

1. Ultrasonic Level Sensor
2. Ultrasonic Distance Sensing

Introduction:

In previous article, we studied the Ultrasonic Level Sensors and its details. Now, I am going to explain the another ultrasonic device which works almost similar way to before. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor.

Ultrasonic Distance Sensing:

Ultrasonic Sensors are devices used to take measurements of Remote Distances or we call it as remote distance sensing. Ultrasonic sensing is based on time of flight principle. The transmitter produces the ultrasonic sound or burst or noise, which travels away from source and it enconters the barriers it gets reflected back. Then it is received by receiver.

Whole important topic here is Time Between Wave Produced and Wave Received. This time is used to calculate the distance between the ultrasonic device and obstruction. Other some constants like speed of ultrasonic sound in the air, humidity etc. are major factors in this calculation. If there is a relative movement between the source and the reflector, Doppler Effect can be employed to measure the distance.

Principle of Working of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor:

Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to radar or SONAR which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.

Formula For Ultrasonic Device Measurement:

d=(vt cos ?)/2

where;

d = Final distance,

t= time,

? = angle of incidence,

Advantages:

1. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices are more efficient.
2. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices produce reliable accuracy.
3. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have robust construction and have long life of operation.
4. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have better accuracy than the other remote distance measuring devices.
5. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices produce results faster than other devices.
6. Most important thing about Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices is that, they can produce result without interfering the object.

Disadvantages:

1. Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have limitations when there is density of matter or medium is not consistant.
2. Also the reading may get distorted due to shapes of solids to be measured as reflection of ultrasonic wave is mostly dependent on shape of solid object which is treated as obstruction.

Applications:

Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices have many applications of which most popular are SONAR, Submarine Signaling, robotics etc.

Ultrasonic Distance measurement devices as Electronics Seminar Topics:

Ultrasonic Distance measurement seminar must contain following things.

1. Ultrasonic Sound Introduction.
2. Ultrasonic Devices.
3. Construction and working of Ultrasonic Device.
4. Principle of working.
5. Advantages.
6. Limitations.
7. Applications.

Related posts:

1. Ultrasonic Level Sensor

Seminar on Ultrasonic Level Sensor:

Ultrasonic Level Sensor is good seminar topic for Electronics Engineering:

1. What is Sensor?
2. Ultrasonic Level Sensor
3. Construction.
4. Working.
5. Advantages.
6. Limitations.
7. Applications.

What is Sensor or Transducer:

Transducer is device which converts the mechanical signal to the electrical signal. Transducer includes various devices like LVDT, tachogenerator, RVDT etc.

Ultrasonic Level Sensor:

Ultrasonic Level Sensor is the device which is used to measure the level of matter in tank or similar. As name suggest, it uses the ultrasonic waves for this measurement.

Construction and Working of Ultrasonic Level Sensor :

Ultrasonic Level Sensor is consist of two main parts viz. transmitter and receiver. The assembly is placed on the tank in which level is to be measured. The transmitter directs the sound waves to the matter and those waves gets reflected back from its surface. Receiver receives the waves and counts down the time delay between the transmission and back receive. From this data and some standard data like speed of ultrasonic sound in the air it finds the distance of level of matter from the sensor.

This sensor provides very fast and reliable data output. Whole answer is mainly dependent upon time delay or lag. The ultrasonic sound is created by the Piezoelectric crystal inside the sensor. It converts electrical energy to ultrasonic sound energy.

Types of Ultrasonic Level Sensor:

1. Continuous Level Sensor:

Continuous Level Sensor can monitor continuously for change in level. In this the phase of emission of waves, their reception and calculation of level is ongoing process.

2. Point Level Sensor

Apart from continuous level sensor, Point level sensor is fire up type. It emits the sound, receives it and calculates the depth for one time. Its name can explain it.

Advantages:

1. Non disturbing technique.
2. Can be used for wide range of things like solid and liquids with wide range of viscosity.
3. Low price.
4. High functionality.
5. Very accurate and low error.
6. Long life instrument.
7. Can measure the level of different liquids having different densities in same tank.

Limitations:

1. Sensor mounting must be properly done.
2. Tank should be free from obstacles otherwise it may cause error in measurement.
3. Result may get affected due to change in temperature or pressure inside the tank or container.

Applications:

1. Automatic pump control.
2. Flow measurement.
3. open channel flow measurement.
4. Used in water/waste applications.

Related posts:

1. Rotary Variable Differential Transformer-RVDT