This is 5th article of the series “Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms“. Other articles can be accessed by clicking HERE or HERE.

For detailed information of the any topic you can refer to book Foundation of Computing, by P.K. Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Terms Related To Networks:

DBMS: Database Management System.

DCBR: Dynamic Content Based Retrieval.

QBE: Query By Example.

FMS: File Management System.

OLTP: Online Transaction Processing.

OLAP: Online Analytical Processing.

MOLAP: Multidimesional Online Analytical Processing.

ROLAP: Relational Online Analytical Processing.

DDL: Data Definition Language.

CBR/Q: Content Based Retrival/ Quering.

KDD: Knowledge Discovery In Database.

DML: Data Manipulation Language.

Some Terms Under Operating System:

BSD UNIX: Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX.

MS-DOS: Microsoft Disc Operating System.

BIOS: Basic Input/Output System.

SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online.

Mac: Macintosh.

References:

“Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Related posts:

1. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-IV
2. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-I
3. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-II

This is 4th article of the series “Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms“. Other articles can be accessed by clicking HERE or HERE.

For detailed information of the any topic you can refer to book Foundation of Computing, by P.K. Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Terms Related To Computer Related Input and Output Devices:

GUI: Graphical User Interface.

VGA: Video Graphic Array.

CAD: Computer Aided Design.

CGA: Color Graphic Adapter.

DMA: Direct Memory Access.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface.

OCR: Optical Character Recognition.

VDT: Video Display Terminal.

LCD: Liquid Cristal Display.

EGA: Extended Graphics Adapter.

OMR: Optical Mark Reader.

DPI: Dots Per Inch.

CPS: Character Per Second.

PPM: Pages per Minute.

TQ: Typeset Quality.

LQ: Letter Quality.

LPM: Lines Per Minute.

COM: Computer Output Microfilm.

GPD: Glass Plasma Display.

UPC: Universal Product Code.

ELD: Electroluminescent Display.

POS: Point of Sale.

CRT: Cathode Ray Tube.

GIS: Geographic Information System.

NLQ: Near Letter Quality.

NTQ: Near Typeset Quality.

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.

Terms Related To Computer Languages:

FORTRAN: Formula Translation.

BASIC: Beginner All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

OOP: Object Oriented Programming.

SNOBOL: Stinng Oriented Symbolic Language.

LISP: List Processing.

COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language.

ALGOL: Algorithmic Language.

RPG: Report Program Generator.

4GL: 4th Generation Languages.

PL\1: Programming Language 1.

References:

“Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Related posts:

1. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-I
2. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-III
3. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-II

This is third article of the series of Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms. You can access other articles HERE.

For detailed information of the any topic you can refer to book Foundation of Computing, by P.K. Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Terms Related to Multimedia:

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group.

MPEG: Motion Pictures Experts Group.

CAD: Computer Aided Design.

NTSC: National Television Systems Committee.

HD-MAC: High Definition Multiple Analogue Component.

SECAM: Sequential Couleur Avec Memorie.

MIDI: Musical Instruments Digital Interface.

HDTV: High Definition Television.

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.

PAL: Phase Alternating Line.

OCR: Optical Character Recognition.

MUSE: Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding.

VGA: Video Graphic Array.

Terms Related To Internet and Computer Networks:

PPP: Point to Point Protocol.

HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol.

SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language.

HTML: HyperText Markup Language.

XML: Extensible Markup Language.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator.

WWW: World Wide Web.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol.

ISP: Internet Sevice Provider.

SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol.

FEP: Front End Processor.

LAN: Local Area Network.

WAN: Wide Area Network.

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network.

AM: Amplitude Modulation.

FM: Frequency Modulation.

PM: Phase Modulation.

PSTN: Pubilc Switched Telephone Network.

CSCW: Computer Supported Co-Operative Working.

DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation.

FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing.

TDM: Time Division Multiplexing.

OSI: Open System Interconnection.

ARPANET: Advance Research Project Agency Net.

SNA: System Network Architecture.

References:

“Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Related posts:

1. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-I
2. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-II

This article is second part of the article series “Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-II”. You can access first article HERE.

For detail information of any of these terms you can refer to Book Foundations of Computing by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Terms Related to Computer Processors:

C.P.U.: Central Processing Unit.

A.L.U.: Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Types of Registers In Computer:

MAR.: Memory Address Register.

MBR.: Memory Buffer Register.

PCR. : Program Control Register.

Accumlator Register.

Instruction Register.

I/O: Input Output Register.

Terms Related To Processor Speed:

Hz: Hertz.

MHz: MegaHertz.

MIPS: Million of Instructions Per Second.

BIPS: Billion of Instructions Per Second.

MFLOPS: Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second.

GFLOPS: GigaFLOPS.

Terms Regarding Memory:

RAM: Random Access Memory.

SRAM: Static Random Access Memory.

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory.

ROM: Read Only Memory.

Manufacturer Programmed ROM:

PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory.

EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

UVEPROM: Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

SIMM: Single Inline Memory Module.

kb: Kilo Byte.

GB: Giga Byte.

CISC Processor: Complex Instruction Set Computer.

RISC Processor: Reduced Instruction Set Computer.

EPIC Processor: Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing.

Input And Output Buses of Computer Processor:

ISA Bus: Industry Standard Architecture Bus.

MCA Bus: Micro Channel Architecture Bus.

EISA Bus: Extended Industry Standard Architecture Bus.

Address Bus:

Control Bus:

Terms Related To Storage Devices:

BOT: Beginning of Tape.

EOT: End of Tape.

IBG: Inter Block Gap.

VCR: Video Cassette Recorder.

DAT: Digital Audio Tape.

FAT: File Allocation Table.

DSDD Diskette: Double Sided Double Density Diskette.

DSHD Diskette: Double Sided High Density Diskette.

CD ROM: Compact Disc Read Only Memory.

WORM Disc: Write Once Read Many Disc.

CD-R Drive: Compact Disc Recordable Drive.

DVD: Digital Versatile Disc.

RAID: Redundant Array of Inexpensive Discs.

IDE: Integrated Device Electronics.

IPI: Intelligent Peripheral Interface.

REFERENCE:

“Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha.

Related posts:

1. Big Collection of Essential Computer Related Shortforms and Their Longforms-I

Currently I am studying from the book “Foundations of Computing” by P.K.Sinha and Priti Sinha. This book contains a lot of good infomation regarding computers. While reading I figured out a huge list of shortforms and longforms of computer related terms which I am presenting here.

You can get the information and your copy of book from general book stores or here: Foundation of Computing.

Various Versions and Names of Former Computers:

Abacus:

Difference Engine: Charles Babbage.

Analytical Engine: Charles Babbage.

ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calulator.

EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.

Manchester Mark I:

UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer.

PDP 8: Programmed Data Processor: First commercially available microcomputer.

General Shortforms:

ANSI: American National Standards Institute.

IBM: International Business Machines.

DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation.

SSI: Small Scale Integration.

MSI: Medium Scale Integration.

LSI: Large Scale Integration.

VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration.

ULSI: Ultra Large Scale Integration.

LAN: Local Area Network.

GUI: Graphical User Interface.

CSCW: Computer Supported Co-Operative Working.

RAID: Redundant Array of Inexpensive Display.

MPI: Massage Passing Interface.

IC: Integrated Circuit.

PC: Personal Computer.

CPU: Central Processing Unit.

ALU: Arithmatic Logic Unit.

I/O: Input/Output.

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VRML:

VRML is Virtual Reality Modeling Language. There are many industrial applications of VRML. Some of them are mentioned here.

VRML in Manufacturing:

Various systems like Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) are widely integrated by the industries. VRML is used in the industry in Design Phase, Prototype Making, Prototype Simulation, Testing, Visualization, Manufacturing and every other possible aspects.

For integration of the VRML in the Manufacturing, 3D format of the workstation is created. Various applications and simulations are made with the help of this 3D space. The interaction of the Human user can also be checked by this method. This process can be called as the Facility Layout for the Manufacturing Environment.

Manufacturing Operations:

For application of VRML in Manufacturing Process various manufacturing operations are needed to be identified. The manufacturing process are then combined by the combination of these operations. The various manufacturing operations includes, Loading and unloading of workpiece, Movement (of jaw, tool, workpiece etc.), storing, Process like drilling, reaming, turning etc. dependent upon the design of the object to be created.

Other Important Application of VRML:

• Material Processers
• Material Transporters
• Material Handlers
• Manufacturing Objects
• Manufacturing Model Numbers
• Manufacturing Type
• Material Loaded
• Availability
• Location
• Static and Dynamic Manufacturing Objects
• Interaction Between The Manufacturing Objects

Practical Examples of VRML:

1. Engineering can give the example of VRML as in the 3D visualization of the various processes, their combination.
2. For presentation of the Real Looking Models to Conferences and to convey the Engineering ideas to the non-technical people.
3. Sharing the vital information on the Internet.
4. Helpful in the complicated Aerospace Models.
5. Educational purpose as VRML can be easily and widely shared on internet.
6. When integrated with Java and JavaScript the operator can operate and practice the virtual machine before working on the exactly similar actual machine.

Suggested References:

1. ASME Magazine Vol.119/No.3, BPA International, March 1997.
2. Kian-Huat Tan and Tze-Leong Yew, Understanding Machine Operations and Manufacturing Using VRML, 1999.

Related posts:

1. Virtual Reality Modeling Language-VRML

Introduction:

The need of computers is increasing continuously in all the fields, so as in the Educational Processes too. There is no doubt that internet will be the main source of knowledge in the future. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is the tool that has high potential to be used on the internet. It can give the user freedom to view the model or module from various angles or views within the web browser. VRML also allows the various Animations, Sounds Integration and Multimedia Involvement.

Scope of VRML:

Here, I have discussed various applications of VRML and its integration in the Education and Education of Manufacturing Processes also the internet use of them. Various branches of engineering like Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Production Engineering, Civil Engineering are undoubtedly going to have the compulsory study of subjects like Manufacturing Processes and Engineering Design Graphics. VRML performs the great application in this part of education and many more. VRML have great potentials to become future part of supplementary education system.

Internet and Computing:

In short internet is the Network of the various computers worldwide. Various different computers like Home, Colleges, Defense, Universities, Laboratories and so many other connect to this as user. World Wide Web is the graphical user interface of the internet which we access through the web browser. And, now a day, no Engineering Education is away from its influence.

The data transmitted on the internet is dependent on the Bandwidth of the internet connection. The visualization of the 3D models or 3D views on the internet is easy for small files but becomes dramatically complex as the complexity of the model grows. It requires high end computers and no doubt higher bandwidth.

In addition to model complexity there is another challenge on internet and that is modification of 3D model on internet. This modification can be easily made on the internet by using VRML and with least penalty of modeling time.

VRML:

There are many applications of VRML. VRML is the one of the best methods of the presenting the 3D models for Engineering Education. VRML have great versatility for the various functions like Animations, other web and multimedia related applications. VRML have independent file format and it can be access on the various Systems like Windows, Macintosh, Unix etc by making use of the VRML Player. Hence, it becomes lesser complex than any other CAD program when publishing on internet.

VRML applications are built in the 3 Dimensional Space and uses polygon structures to build the object. VRML also allows the room for the features like Scaling, Rotation, Translation, Transformation etc.

VRML can be used as the Language for moving, using or navigation of the 3D space.

No related posts.

Introduction:

Viruses that attack cellular phones are no longer an exception or proof of concept. In recent months multiple variations of these viruses have reinforced their attacks, revealing an unprecedented and alarming level of exposure.

The latest generation cellular phones are no longer pure communication devices: they are intelligent multimedia centers to be used both for work and leisure, with little to differentiate them from palmtops. It seems therefore likely that the kind of security problems experienced in the PC world will likely be disturbingly similar in mobile environments.

As a result, the latest generation cellular phones have become a potentially tempting target for attack and at the same time a vehicle for malicious code. This represents a growing threat as the market increases in complexity. By observing the exponential growth of these devices registered in the past decade, we can predict that the growth in the number of smartphone users and the corresponding market around it will be much more explosive than that of PCs.

Classification: Mobile Threats:

Mobile threats can be classified in 3 main categories:

1. Viruses
2. Trojans
3. Worms

Symptoms or Indication of Infection:

Considering that without a safety application ,it is rather difficult to trace a virus, there are nonetheless situations that can warn the user. By and large, viruses typically cause anomalies on the phone, such as:-

1. An increase in communication activity
2. Quickly deplated battery
3. The receiption of unwanted massages
4. The deletion of icons and their modifications
5. Strange behaviour of mobile phones

Protective Measures to be safe from threats:

1. Establish clear policies for use of mobile devices.
2. Authenticate users and devices for data access.
3. Secured connections for data in transit.
4. Install malware protection for mobile devices.
5. Improve user awareness and training.
6. Centralize management for mobile device management and security.
7. Enforce active firewalls and Intrusion detection system.
8. Encrypt data at rest.

How does Antivirus Works?

A good anti-virus automatically analyzes all the phone’s files each time the telephone is used and – in order to prevent infections – thanks to the real time scanning function, intercepts and analyzes all the files automatically as soon as they are saved, copied, downloaded or otherwise modified, without the need for further participation on the user’s part. All viruses found are thenautomatically put in quarantine.

Future Threats:

Today, threats affect on some part of mobile phones like game, application or screensaver etc. but in future they will try to ruin the mobile phone and make it completely inoperatable.

They will affect vigourously on privacy of users, by affecting on SMS, MMS, and data theft etc.

And Many More!

The latest generation cellular phones have become a potentially tempting target for attack and at the same time a vehicle for malicious code .According to the experts , in the future we should expect a new breed of cellular device exploits. So all security software must always be kept up-to-date, so as to be able to effectively contrast attacks. It’s important to remember that old software is not designed to face new problems bearing in mind that “old” can refer to as little as a month, since anti-virus software updates are done weekly.

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